SNMP Support¶

SNMP is a widely implemented feature for collecting network information from router and/or host. FRR itself does not support SNMP agent (server daemon) functionality but is able to connect to a SNMP agent using the SMUX protocol (RFC 1227) or the AgentX protocol (RFC 2741) and make the routing protocol MIBs available through it.

Note that SNMP Support needs to be enabled at compile-time and loaded as module on daemon startup. Refer to Loadable Module Support on the latter.

Getting and installing an SNMP agent¶

There are several SNMP agent which support SMUX or AgentX. We recommend to use the latest version of net-snmp which was formerly known as ucd-snmp. It is free and open software and available at http://www.net-snmp.org/ and as binary package for most Linux distributions. net-snmp has to be compiled with –with-mib-modules=agentx to be able to accept connections from FRR using AgentX protocol or with –with-mib-modules=smux to use SMUX protocol.

Nowadays, SMUX is a legacy protocol. The AgentX protocol should be preferred for any new deployment. Both protocols have the same coverage.

AgentX configuration¶

To enable AgentX protocol support, FRR must have been build with the --enable-snmp or –enable-snmp=agentx option. Both the master SNMP agent (snmpd) and each of the FRR daemons must be configured. In /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf, the master agentx directive should be added. In each of the FRR daemons, agentx command will enable AgentX support.

/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf:: # # example access restrictions setup # com2sec readonly default public group MyROGroup v1 readonly view all included .1 80 access MyROGroup “” any noauth exact all none none # # enable master agent for AgentX subagents # master agentx

/etc/frr/ospfd.conf:

! ... the rest of ospfd.conf has been omitted for clarity ...
!
agentx
!

Upon successful connection, you should get something like this in the log of each FRR daemons:

2012/05/25 11:39:08 ZEBRA: snmp[info]: NET-SNMP version 5.4.3 AgentX subagent connected

Then, you can use the following command to check everything works as expected:

# snmpwalk -c public -v1 localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.14.1.1
OSPF-MIB::ospfRouterId.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.42.109
[...]

The AgentX protocol can be transported over a Unix socket or using TCP or UDP. It usually defaults to a Unix socket and depends on how NetSNMP was built. If need to configure FRR to use another transport, you can configure it through /etc/snmp/frr.conf:

[snmpd]
# Use a remote master agent
agentXSocket tcp:192.168.15.12:705

SMUX configuration¶

To enable SMUX protocol support, FRR must have been build with the --enable-snmp option.

A separate connection has then to be established between the SNMP agent (snmpd) and each of the FRR daemons. This connections each use different OID numbers and passwords. Be aware that this OID number is not the one that is used in queries by clients, it is solely used for the intercommunication of the daemons.

In the following example the ospfd daemon will be connected to the snmpd daemon using the password “frr_ospfd”. For testing it is recommending to take exactly the below snmpd.conf as wrong access restrictions can be hard to debug.

/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf:: # # example access restrictions setup # com2sec readonly default public group MyROGroup v1 readonly view all included .1 80 access MyROGroup “” any noauth exact all none none # # the following line is relevant for FRR # smuxpeer .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 frr_ospfd
/etc/frr/ospf:: ! … the rest of ospfd.conf has been omitted for clarity … ! smux peer .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 frr_ospfd !

After restarting snmpd and frr, a successful connection can be verified in the syslog and by querying the SNMP daemon:

snmpd[12300]: [smux_accept] accepted fd 12 from 127.0.0.1:36255
snmpd[12300]: accepted smux peer: \\
   oid GNOME-PRODUCT-ZEBRA-MIB::ospfd, frr-0.96.5

# snmpwalk -c public -v1 localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.14.1.1
OSPF-MIB::ospfRouterId.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.42.109

Be warned that the current version (5.1.1) of the Net-SNMP daemon writes a line for every SNMP connect to the syslog which can lead to enormous log file sizes. If that is a problem you should consider to patch snmpd and comment out the troublesome snmp_log() line in the function netsnmp_agent_check_packet() in agent/snmp_agent.c.

MIB and command reference¶

The following OID numbers are used for the interprocess communication of snmpd and the FRR daemons with SMUX only.:

.    (OIDs below .iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises)
zebra .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.1 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.zserv
bgpd  .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.2 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.bgpd
ripd  .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.3 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ripd
ospfd .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.5 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ospfd
ospf6d        .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.6 .gnome.gnomeProducts.zebra.ospf6d

Sadly, SNMP has not been implemented in all daemons yet. The following OID numbers are used for querying the SNMP daemon by a client::

zebra .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.24   .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ip.ipForward
ospfd .1.3.6.1.2.1.14     .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ospf
bgpd  .1.3.6.1.2.1.15     .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.bgp
ripd  .1.3.6.1.2.1.23     .iso.org.dot.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rip2
ospf6d        .1.3.6.1.3.102      .iso.org.dod.internet.experimental.ospfv3

The following syntax is understood by the FRR daemons for configuring SNMP using SMUX:

smux peer OID¶

no smux peer OID¶

smux peer OID PASSWORD¶

no smux peer OID PASSWORD¶

Here is the syntax for using AgentX:

agentx¶

no agentx¶

Handling SNMP Traps¶

To handle snmp traps make sure your snmp setup of frr works correctly as described in the frr documentation in SNMP Support.

The BGP4 mib will send traps on peer up/down events. These should be visible in your snmp logs with a message similar to:

snmpd[13733]: Got trap from peer on fd 14

To react on these traps they should be handled by a trapsink. Configure your trapsink by adding the following lines to /etc/snmpd/snmpd.conf:

# send traps to the snmptrapd on localhost
trapsink localhost

This will send all traps to an snmptrapd running on localhost. You can of course also use a dedicated management station to catch traps. Configure the snmptrapd daemon by adding the following line to /etc/snmpd/snmptrapd.conf:

traphandle .1.3.6.1.4.1.3317.1.2.2 /etc/snmp/snmptrap_handle.sh

This will use the bash script /etc/snmp/snmptrap_handle.sh to handle the BGP4 traps. To add traps for other protocol daemons, lookup their appropriate OID from their mib. (For additional information about which traps are supported by your mib, lookup the mib on http://www.oidview.com/mibs/detail.html).

Make sure snmptrapd is started.

The snmptrap_handle.sh script I personally use for handling BGP4 traps is below. You can of course do all sorts of things when handling traps, like sound a siren, have your display flash, etc., be creative ;).

#!/bin/bash

# routers name
ROUTER=`hostname -s`

#email address use to sent out notification
EMAILADDR="john@doe.com"
#email address used (allongside above) where warnings should be sent
EMAILADDR_WARN="sms-john@doe.com"

# type of notification
TYPE="Notice"

# local snmp community for getting AS belonging to peer
COMMUNITY="<community>"

# if a peer address is in $WARN_PEERS a warning should be sent
WARN_PEERS="192.0.2.1"

# get stdin
INPUT=`cat -`

# get some vars from stdin
uptime=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f5`
peer=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f8 | sed -e 's/SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.14.//g'`
peerstate=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f13`
errorcode=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f9 | sed -e 's/\\"//g'`
suberrorcode=`echo $INPUT | cut -d' ' -f10 | sed -e 's/\\"//g'`
remoteas=`snmpget -v2c -c $COMMUNITY localhost SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.15.3.1.9.$peer | cut -d' ' -f4`

WHOISINFO=`whois -h whois.ripe.net " -r AS$remoteas" | egrep '(as-name|descr)'`
asname=`echo "$WHOISINFO" | grep "^as-name:" | sed -e 's/^as-name://g' -e 's/  //g' -e 's/^ //g' | uniq`
asdescr=`echo "$WHOISINFO" | grep "^descr:" | sed -e 's/^descr://g' -e 's/  //g' -e 's/^ //g' | uniq`

# if peer address is in $WARN_PEER, the email should also
# be sent to $EMAILADDR_WARN
for ip in $WARN_PEERS; do
if [ "x$ip" == "x$peer" ]; then
EMAILADDR="$EMAILADDR,$EMAILADDR_WARN"
TYPE="WARNING"
break
fi
done

# convert peer state
case "$peerstate" in
1) peerstate="Idle" ;;
2) peerstate="Connect" ;;
3) peerstate="Active" ;;
4) peerstate="Opensent" ;;
5) peerstate="Openconfirm" ;;
6) peerstate="Established" ;;
*) peerstate="Unknown" ;;
esac

# get textual messages for errors
case "$errorcode" in
00)
error="No error"
suberror=""
;;
01)
error="Message Header Error"
case "$suberrorcode" in
01) suberror="Connection Not Synchronized" ;;
02) suberror="Bad Message Length" ;;
03) suberror="Bad Message Type" ;;
*) suberror="Unknown" ;;
esac
;;
02)
error="OPEN Message Error"
case "$suberrorcode" in
01) suberror="Unsupported Version Number" ;;
02) suberror="Bad Peer AS" ;;
03) suberror="Bad BGP Identifier" ;;
04) suberror="Unsupported Optional Parameter" ;;
05) suberror="Authentication Failure" ;;
06) suberror="Unacceptable Hold Time" ;;
*) suberror="Unknown" ;;
esac
;;
03)
error="UPDATE Message Error"
case "$suberrorcode" in
01) suberror="Malformed Attribute List" ;;
02) suberror="Unrecognized Well-known Attribute" ;;
03) suberror="Missing Well-known Attribute" ;;
04) suberror="Attribute Flags Error" ;;
05) suberror="Attribute Length Error" ;;
06) suberror="Invalid ORIGIN Attribute" ;;
07) suberror="AS Routing Loop" ;;
08) suberror="Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute" ;;
09) suberror="Optional Attribute Error" ;;
10) suberror="Invalid Network Field" ;;
11) suberror="Malformed AS_PATH" ;;
*) suberror="Unknown" ;;
esac
;;
04)
error="Hold Timer Expired"
suberror=""
;;
05)
error="Finite State Machine Error"
suberror=""
;;
06)
error="Cease"
case "$suberrorcode" in
01) suberror="Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached" ;;
02) suberror="Administratively Shutdown" ;;
03) suberror="Peer Unconfigured" ;;
04) suberror="Administratively Reset" ;;
05) suberror="Connection Rejected" ;;
06) suberror="Other Configuration Change" ;;
07) suberror="Connection collision resolution" ;;
08) suberror="Out of Resource" ;;
09) suberror="MAX" ;;
*) suberror="Unknown" ;;
esac
;;
*)
error="Unknown"
suberror=""
;;
esac

# create textual message from errorcodes
if [ "x$suberror" == "x" ]; then
NOTIFY="$errorcode ($error)"
else
NOTIFY="$errorcode/$suberrorcode ($error/$suberror)"
fi

# form a decent subject
SUBJECT="$TYPE: $ROUTER [bgp] $peer is $peerstate: $NOTIFY"
# create the email body
MAIL=`cat << EOF
BGP notification on router $ROUTER.

Peer: $peer
AS: $remoteas
New state: $peerstate
Notification: $NOTIFY

Info:
$asname
$asdescr

Snmpd uptime: $uptime
EOF`

# mail the notification
echo "$MAIL" | mail -s "$SUBJECT" $EMAILADDR